Who are you, subdistal appendages of centriole?

Rustem Uzbekov,Irina Alieva

doi:10.1098/rsob.180062

Abstract

This review summarizes data that assign morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of two types of structures that are associated with centrioles: distal appendages and subdistal appendages. The description of centriole subdistal appendages is often a matter of confusion, both due to the numerous names used to describe these structures and because of their variability among species and cell types. Thus, we have summarized our current knowledge in this review. We conclude that distal appendages and subdistal appendages are fundamentally different in composition and function in the cell. While in centrioles there are always nine distal appendages, the number of subdistal appendages can vary depending on the type of cells and their functional state.

Highlights

The fact that the centrosome is a complex organelle consisting of many components is today generally accepted [1,2,3,4]
This review summarizes data that assign morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of two types of structures that are associated with centrioles: distal appendages and subdistal appendages
In the process of centriole duplication, which begins in the G1-phase of the cell cycle [6,7], the formation of new young centrioles—procentrioles occurs on both pre-existing centrioles near their proximal ends

Summary

Introduction

The fact that the centrosome is a complex organelle consisting of many components is today generally accepted [1,2,3,4]. Us to write this review, the purpose of which is to clarify numerous terms proposed in the literature to describe two types of outgrowths associated centriole cylinders: distal and subdistal appendages. Only a hypothetical scheme, the ideas proposed by Bessis and Breton-Gorius in 1958 [8] (figure 1) proved to be tenacious and are regularly reproduced in the diagrams given in modern articles and reports at scientific conferences and even in textbooks (for example, Alberts et al.’s figs 16 –48 [19]) According to these schemes, the centriole is depicted with two rows of outgrowths (nine outgrowths in each); while in each row both subdistal appendages and distal appendages are located on the same level.

Morphological differences between distal appendages and subdistal appendages

Conclusion

63. Veleri S et al 2014 Ciliopathy-associated gene