Abstract
Orientation: Beaches attract millions of visitors every year and this has an impact not only on the economy, the environment and the local community but also on current and future beachgoers. Research purpose: The aim of the article is to use expenditure-based segmentation to gain a greater understanding of beach visitor spending in order to identify different markets and the aspects they deem important. Motivation for the study: Although South Africa has a coastline of approximately 3900 km, little is known about the beachgoer to these beaches. This article contributes to the quantification of the economic benefits stemming from beach tourism and in understanding the factors that drive beach visitation. Research approach/design and method: During 2017/18, beachgoers to eight beaches in South Africa were surveyed and 1138 questionnaires were gathered. Using cluster analysis, four segments of beachgoers were identified. The differences between the various segments were explored by using analysis of variance and Pearson’s chi-square. Main findings: The high-spending markets can be distinguished by language, level of education and age, while sunbathing and relaxation are key beach activities. Six key motives for visiting beaches were identified. High-spending markets tend to visit Blue Flag beaches that offer good bathing conditions. Practical/managerial implications: This research identified four segments of visitors to South African beaches, ranging from low-spending locals to high-spending mixed market beachgoers. There are distinct differences between the segments, but important to all segments are the environment qualities of the beach in terms of both cleanliness and beach safety. Contribution/value-add: The research, therefore, concludes that two the main threats to beach tourism and destinations are (1) pollution of the oceans and (2) global warming.
Highlights
Tourism constitutes the world’s largest commercial service sector industry and beaches are considered the major factor in this tourism market (Houston 2002; Phillips & House 2009)
The results are presented in three sections: first, the results of the two-step cluster analysis, followed by the results of the principal component analysis, and an exploration of the differences between clusters, as explained above
It is surprising that very little research has been conducted on understanding the spending behaviour and profiling of beach tourists
Summary
Tourism constitutes the world’s largest commercial service sector industry and beaches are considered the major factor in this tourism market (Houston 2002; Phillips & House 2009). Lucrezi and Saayman (2014) state that the beach is the prototypical scene of recreation and leisure, and worldwide it supports more tourism trade than any other environment. In which beaches play a critical role, are both among the oldest and largest segments of the tourism industry (Saayman 2017). In this context, Houston (2008) and Leatherman (1997) confirm that beaches are the leading tourist destinations in the USA. Miami’s beaches attract twice as many tourists per year as the Grand Canyon (4.3 million), Yellowstone National Park (2.9 million) and Yosemite National Park (3.2 million) (Houston 2008). The same situation is evident in many other countries, especially island economies around the world
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