Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the problems related to increasing slum area in developing countries. The slum and squatter area has symbolized the main urban problem in developing countries for decades. Its dilapidated shanties and inadequate services reflect the inability of urban authorities to cope with city problems. There are numerous variations of the site and services approach but the World Bank broadly divides projects into site and services lots and squatter upgrading. Intensive studies of slum and squatter communities found vigorous organizational capacity, good construction and production skills, and strong community and personal motivations that could be translated into positive developmental programs. In large projects where preparation of the site, digging of ditches for sewage and water systems, and construction of core housing units are required within specific time periods, communal efforts have been found wanting. Community resources and mutual help are extremely difficult to fit into water supply and sewerage systems that require a certain scale for effectiveness and efficiency. Efforts to find alternative water and sewerage systems using low or intermediate technology have not yielded satisfactory results.
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