Abstract
The three main areas of application for magnetic materials are (i) guiding flux in electromagnetic machines (soft magnets), (ii) magnetic recording (semi-hard magnets) and (iii) dynamic and static permanent magnet applications (hard magnets). Progress in the 20th century has been spectacular, advancing from a set of poorly differentiated hard and soft steels to a spectrum of materials exhibiting coercivity ranging from 0.1 A/m to 1 MA/m, anisotropy from 10 J/m 3 to 10 MJ/m 3 and saturation magnetostriction ranging from less than 10 −7 to 3 × 10 −3. But there have been no advances in the maximum values of spontaneous magnetization and Curie temperature. Current trends in magnetic materials, including ternary and higher compounds, nanocrystalline magnets, composite magnetic nanostructures, artificially structured magnets and spin electronics are mentioned. Some unexplained magnetic phenomena are high-lighted.
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