Abstract
This study investigated the effects of silkworm hemolymph-derived storage protein 2 (SP2) on the whitening process in mouse B16F1 melanoma cells. After the cells were treated with various concentrations of SP2 (0.1 - 1.0 mg/mL), cytotoxicity, melanin contents, and differences in mRNA and protein expression associated with melanogenesis were observed. No cytotoxicity was observed when cells were treated with SP2, even with increased SP2 concentrations of up to 2.0 mg/mL. When treated with various SP2 concentrations in the cells, the protein and mRNA expression of tyrosinase were dose-dependently decreased, respectively, and inhibition of tyrosinase was further increased by 50.0% with increasing SP2 concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Expression mRNAs coding tyrosinase related protein-1 and protein-2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2) was also significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner. When measuring the melanin content in melanoma cells, SP2 at 1 mg/mL inhibited melanin synthesis by 73.5% compared with non-treated cells. The inhibitory effect was 2.8-fold higher than that obtained using arbutin as a positive control. This study demonstrates that SP2, as a whitening material, is capable of suppressing melanin synthesis through the downregulation of proteins and genes in the melanin biosynthesis pathway.
Highlights
The cosmetic industry has been rapidly expanding its market size with great potential due to an in-How to cite this paper: Kim, Z-H., Hwang, J.W., Lee, J.H., Kim, H., Lim, D.-S., Kang, S., Lee, H.S. and Choi, Y.-S. (2014) Whitening Effect of Storage Protein 2 from Silkworm Hemolymph
In an effort to characterize storage protein 2 (SP2)’s inhibitory effect and mechanisms, we investigated the influence of SP2 on the expression level of mRNA and enzymes involved in melanin synthesis as well as its cytotoxicity and any differences in the melanin content of B16F1 melanoma cells upon SP2 treatment
SP2 at 1 mg/mL had an inhibitory effect on mRNA expression of tyrosinase-related proteins (TRPs)-1 and TRP-2 was similar to or higher than that of arbutin at 0.2 mg/mL. These results suggest that SP2 effectively inhibits melanogenesis in melanoma B16F1 cells by suppressing protein and mRNA encoding tyrosinase, the mRNAs encoding TRP-1 and TRP-2
Summary
The cosmetic industry has been rapidly expanding its market size with great potential due to an in-How to cite this paper: Kim, Z-H., Hwang, J.W., Lee, J.H., Kim, H., Lim, D.-S., Kang, S., Lee, H.S. and Choi, Y.-S. (2014) Whitening Effect of Storage Protein 2 from Silkworm Hemolymph. The cosmetic industry has been rapidly expanding its market size with great potential due to an in-. How to cite this paper: Kim, Z-H., Hwang, J.W., Lee, J.H., Kim, H., Lim, D.-S., Kang, S., Lee, H.S. and Choi, Y.-S. (2014) Whitening Effect of Storage Protein 2 from Silkworm Hemolymph. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 5, 758-767. Various bioactive materials for cosmetic ingredients have been chemically synthesized to meet growing economic and consumer demands [1]. It is often reported that synthetic materials can be potentially harmful and result in inflammations to human skin [2]-[4]. Alternative materials have been sought and studied. Research indicates that consumers prefer cosmetics made from natural sources, such as plants, insects and others [5] [6]
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