Abstract
BackgroundAn association between white noise speech illusion and psychotic symptoms has been reported in patients and their relatives. This supports the theory that bottom-up and top-down perceptual processes are involved in the mechanisms underlying perceptual abnormalities. However, findings in nonclinical populations have been conflicting.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the association between white noise speech illusion and subclinical expression of psychotic symptoms in a nonclinical sample. Findings were compared to previous results to investigate potential methodology dependent differences.MethodsIn a general population adolescent and young adult twin sample (n = 704), the association between white noise speech illusion and subclinical psychotic experiences, using the Structured Interview for Schizotypy—Revised (SIS-R) and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), was analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analyses.ResultsPerception of any white noise speech illusion was not associated with either positive or negative schizotypy in the general population twin sample, using the method by Galdos et al. (2011) (positive: ORadjusted: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.6–1.12, p = 0.217; negative: ORadjusted: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.56–1.02, p = 0.065) and the method by Catalan et al. (2014) (positive: ORadjusted: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.79–1.57, p = 0.557). No association was found between CAPE scores and speech illusion (ORadjusted: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.88–1.79, p = 0.220). For the Catalan et al. (2014) but not the Galdos et al. (2011) method, a negative association was apparent between positive schizotypy and speech illusion with positive or negative affective valence (ORadjusted: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.81, p = 0.008).ConclusionContrary to findings in clinical populations, white noise speech illusion may not be associated with psychosis proneness in nonclinical populations.
Highlights
Epidemiological data indicate that subtle expression of psychosis—in the form of attenuated reality distortion, such as over-valued ideas and perceptual disturbances—is prevalent across the general population, with some predictive value for subsequent mental disorders [1, 2]
Perception of any white noise speech illusion was not associated with either positive or negative schizotypy in the general population twin sample, using the method by Galdos et al (2011) and the method by Catalan et al (2014)
No association was found between Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scores and speech illusion (ORadjusted: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.88–1.79, p = 0.220)
Summary
Epidemiological data indicate that subtle expression of psychosis—in the form of attenuated reality distortion, such as over-valued ideas and perceptual disturbances—is prevalent across the general population, with some predictive value for subsequent mental disorders [1, 2]. Recent findings from genetic [3] and environmental studies of psychosis [4, 5] suggest etiological continuity across different levels of psychosis manifestation. In this regard, it is reasonable to argue that both subtle psychotic experiences (e.g., perceptual disturbances and rare illusion) and clinically relevant psychotic symptoms (e.g., disturbing hallucinations) may originate from converging neurocognitive processes. An association between white noise speech illusion and psychotic symptoms has been reported in patients and their relatives This supports the theory that bottom-up and topdown perceptual processes are involved in the mechanisms underlying perceptual abnormalities.
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