White matter hyperintensities in affected and unaffected late teenage and early adulthood offspring of bipolar parents: A two-center high-risk study

Abstract

Background White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are among the most replicated neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder (BD). It is not clear whether these lesions are an artifact of comorbid conditions, or whether they are directly associated with the disorder, or even represent biological risk factor for BD. Methods To test whether WMHs meet criteria for an endophenotype of BD, we conducted a high-risk design study and recruited 35 affected, 44 unaffected relatives of bipolar probands (age range 15–30 years), matched by age and sex with 49 healthy controls without any personal or family history of psychiatric disorders. The presence of WMHs was determined from Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) scans acquired on a 1.5 Tesla scanner using a validated semi-quantitative scale. Results We found mostly low grade WMHs in all groups. The proportion of WMH-positive subjects was comparable between the unaffected high-risk, affected familial and control groups. Conclusion White matter hyperintensities did not meet criteria for an endophenotype of BD. Bipolar disorder in young subjects without comorbid conditions was not associated with increased rate of WMHs.