Abstract
This review focuses on white matter (WM) changes in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) as assessed by multimodal MRI. All the peer reviewed publications on WM changes in mTBI from January 2011 through September 2016 are included in this review. This review is organized as follows: introduction to mTBI, the basics of multimodal MRI techniques that are potentially useful for probing the WM integrity, summary and critical evaluation of the published literature on the application of multimodal MRI techniques to assess the changes of WM in mTBI, and correlation of MRI measures with behavioral deficits. The MRI–pathology correlation studies based on preclinical models of mTBI are also reviewed. Finally, the author's perspective of future research directions is described.
Highlights
This review focuses on white matter (WM) changes in mild traumatic brain injury as assessed by multimodal MRI
Conclusion & future perspective Based on the above review it is clear that the multimodal neuroimaging has diagnostic and prognostic values in detecting and evaluating WM changes in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)
In order to properly compare results from different studies to develop a coherent picture about the MRI-detected pathology and its correlation with cognitive and behavioral deficits, it is essential to standardize the acquisition and analysis methods
Summary
Decrements demonstrated as well as associated changes to ventral significantly decreased FA prefrontal white matter in prefrontal white matter, CC and cingulum bundle structures compared with mTBI participants without. Were not different from controls; NAA levels in WM were significantly lower in patients than in controls; findings support hypothesis that, similar to more severe head trauma, mTBI results in diffuse axonal injury, but that dysfunction rather than cell death dominates shortly after injury This table only includes magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on white matter. 2D: Two-dimensional; 3D: Three-dimensional; AC: Absolute concentration; CC: Corpus callosum; Cho: Choline; Cr: Creatine; CSI: Chemical shift imaging ( referred to MRS imaging); CSV: Centrum semiovale; DKI: Diffusion kurtosis imaging; DTI: Diffusion tensor imaging; ESA: Early subacute; F: Female; GCC: Genu of corpus callosum; Glx: Glutamine + glutamate; L: Longitudinal; LSA: Late subacute; M: Male; mI: Myoinositol; NAA: N-acetyl aspartate; NI: Not indicated; OI: Orthopedic injured; PCS: Postconcussion symptoms; R: Reurochemical ratio; ROI: Region-of-interest; SCC: Splenium of corpus callosum; T: Tesla (magnetic field strength); TE: Echo time; X: Cross sectional. R; expressed at any stage of mTBI compared with healthy relative to controls; reduction in Cho/Cr at the LSA absolute Cr stage; no change in Cr at any stage of mTBI concentration acquisition (ms) Absolute
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