Abstract

Whistler mode waves are a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in the very low frequency (VLF) range, which can be excited and propagate in the region through the Earth's atmosphere to the magnetosphere. Typical examples of whistler mode waves include chorus, plasmaspheric hiss, lightning generated whistler (LGW), VLF waves ejected by ground transmitters. The whistler mode wave can interact with energetic electrons and plays an important role in both electron loss and acceleration in the magnetosphere.

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