Abstract

Between 1892 and 1960, most suicide verdicts rendered during coroners’ inquests labelled death by a person’s own hand as “suicide while of unsound mind.” During this period, psychiatrists increasingly determined the degree to which individuals who attempted to kill themselves could be considered criminally responsible for their actions or not responsible by reason of mental illness. To elucidate this gradual transition from state to medical authority over suicide in Canada, we analyse narratives of responsibility found in “suicide notes” appended to coroners’ inquests, particularly ways in which the act of suicide was construed by individuals who committed suicide as a rational decision or an individual right and not as a moment of madness or a criminal act. Abstract: Entre 1892 et 1960, la plupart des verdicts de suicide attribues a la fin d’une enquete du coroner nomment le fait de se donner la mort comme « un suicide dans un moment de folie ». Au cours de cette meme periode, les psychiatres vont etre amenes a determiner de plus en plus le niveau de responsabilite de personnes qui ont attente a leur vie, a savoir si ces dernieres peuvent etre tenues criminellement responsable de leur geste ou au contraire deresponsabilise pour cause de troubles mentaux. Pour tenter de reflechir plus en avant sur cette transition graduelle de la gestion penale a la gestion medicale du suicide au Canada, nous avons analyse les recits de responsabilite dans les « lettres de suicide » jointes au dossier de l’enquete du coroner, particulierement la maniere dont le geste suicidaire a ete construit comme un acte rationnel ou base sur la base de droits individuels par les personnes qui se sont enlevees la vie en opposition a un moment de folie ou un acte criminel.

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