Abstract
BackgroundCollagen scaffolds are widely used for guided bone or tissue regeneration. Aiming to enhance their regenerative properties, studies have loaded various substances onto these scaffolds. This review aims to provide an overview of existing literature which conducted in vitro, in vivo, and clinical testing of drug-loaded collagen scaffolds and analyze their outcome of promoting oral regeneration.Materials and methodsPubMed, Scopus, and Ovid Medline® were systematically searched for publications from 2005 to 2019. Journal articles assessing the effect of substances on oral hard or soft tissue regeneration, while using collagen carriers, were screened and qualitatively analyzed. Studies were grouped according to their used substance type—biological medical products, pharmaceuticals, and tissue-, cell-, and matrix-derived products.ResultsA total of 77 publications, applying 36 different substances, were included. Collagen scaffolds were demonstrating favorable adsorption behavior and release kinetics which could even be modified. BMP-2 was investigated most frequently, showing positive effects on oral tissue regeneration. BMP-9 showed comparable results at lower concentrations. Also, FGF2 enhanced bone and periodontal healing. Antibiotics improved the scaffold’s anti-microbial activity and reduced the penetrability for bacteria.ConclusionGrowth factors showed promising results for oral tissue regeneration, while other substances were investigated less frequently. Found effects of investigated substances as well as adsorption and release properties of collagen scaffolds should be considered for further investigation.Clinical relevance: Collagen scaffolds are reliable carriers for any of the applied substances. BMP-2, BMP-9, and FGF2 showed enhanced bone and periodontal healing. Antibiotics improved anti-microbial properties of the scaffolds.
Highlights
Collagen is an important biomaterial which is frequently applied in oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA 4 Clinical Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria regenerative medicine approaches that aim to restore, maintain, or enhance damaged or substantially reduced tissues [1, 2]
Collagen membranes are used in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR), which are methods used in oral surgery as augmentative techniques
Collagen scaffolds of any type have proven to be capable carriers for all 36 substances which were utilized in the 77 included publications
Summary
Collagen is an important biomaterial which is frequently applied in oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA 4 Clinical Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria regenerative medicine approaches that aim to restore, maintain, or enhance damaged or substantially reduced tissues [1, 2]. Collagen membranes are used in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR), which are methods used in oral surgery as augmentative techniques. Favorable properties of a membrane include biocompatibility, impermeability for epithelial cells or bacteria, and adequate mechanical properties to allow proper handling during surgery and stiffness for space maintenance and less pressure to the bone graft during healing. Collagen can be used to build 3D scaffolds and sponges, and can serve as a carrier for the delivery of substances, such as growth factors or bone morphogenetic proteins, aiming to enhance healing and support regeneration [14]. Collagen scaffolds are widely used for guided bone or tissue regeneration Aiming to enhance their regenerative properties, studies have loaded various substances onto these scaffolds. Antibiotics improved the scaffold’s anti-microbial activity and reduced the penetrability for bacteria
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