Abstract
Protein supplements are usually used to control body weight, however, the impact of protein quality on body fat attenuation is unknown. We investigated the effects of isocaloric isoproteic supplementation of either whey protein (WG) or hydrolysed collagen supplementation (CG) on dietary intake, adiposity and biochemical markers in overweight women. Methods: In this randomized double-blind study, 37 women, [mean ± SE, age 40.6 ± 1.7 year; BMI (kg/m2) 30.9 ± 0.6], consumed sachets containing 40 g/day of concentrated whey protein (25 g total protein, 2.4 leucine, 1.0 valine, 1.5 isoleucine, n = 17) or 38 g/day of hydrolysed collagen (26 g total protein, 1.02 leucine, 0.91 valine, 0.53 isoleucine, n = 20) in the afternoon snack. The compliance was set at >70% of the total theoretical doses. The dietary intake was evaluated by a 6-day food record questionnaire. At the beginning and after eight weeks of follow-up, body composition was evaluated by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and lipid profile, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin and nesfastin plasma concentrations were analyzed. Results: Supplements were isocaloric and isoproteic. There were no differences in caloric intake (p = 0.103), protein (p = 0.085), carbohydrate (p = 0.797) and lipids (p = 0.109) intakes. The branched chain amino acids (BCAA) (GC: 1.8 ± 0.1 g vs. WG: 5.5 ± 0.3 g, p < 0.001) and leucine intake (CG: 0.1 ± 0.1 g vs. WG: 2.6 ± 0.1 g, p < 0.001) were higher in WG compared to CG. BMI increased in the CG (0.2 ± 1.1 kg/m2, p = 0.044) but did not change in WG. WG decreased the android fat (−0.1 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.031) and increased nesfatin concentrations (4.9 ± 3.2 ng/mL, p = 0.014) compared to CG. Conclusions: Whey protein supplementation in overweight women increased nesfatin concentrations and could promote increase of resting metabolic rate as part of body composition improvement programs compared to collagen supplementation for 8 weeks. Additionally, our findings suggest that collagen may not be an effective supplement for overweight women who are attempting to alter body composition.
Highlights
The expansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral, causes chronic low grade inflammation which contributes to insulin resistance, [1] dyslipidaemia [2] and sarcopenic obesity [3]
The analysis was performed only on those participants who completed the study with a compliance of supplement intake about 94% in WG and 92% in collagen supplementation (CG) (p = 0.94) (Figure 1)
While in the collagen protein group, there was an increase in BMI, no changes in the other parameters were found
Summary
The expansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral, causes chronic low grade inflammation which contributes to insulin resistance, [1] dyslipidaemia [2] and sarcopenic obesity [3]. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2051 individuals present changes in adipokines and hormones, such as adiponectin and nesfatin, which stimulate satiety and contribute to the reduction of long-term food intake [4,5,6]. Both overweight and obesity may contribute to worsening an individual’s quality of life due to the physical overload of the additional weight [7]. Whey protein supplement contain peptides with antioxidant activities [9] and may increase satiety by stimulating anorexigenic hormones [10]. BCAAs stimulate gut incretins secretion, which increase serum insulin concentrations
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