Abstract
Aims To investigate the change of stress hormones, oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after supplement whey protein, in an attempt to gain insights into the prevention and treatment of GDM. Materials and methods 60 GDM women were recruited in this study, and 30 women received a preload drink containing 20 g whey protein as group GDM-W, and the other 30 women received control flavoring drink as group GDM, and the trial lasted for 14 days. Plasma epinephrine (E), noradrenaline (NE), and cortisol were detected; we also determined levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess IR. Results In the GDM-W group, postprandial blood glucose was decreased significantly on 3, 5, 7, and 14 days (all p < .05), plasma 2 h insulin was increased by 7.2, 8.6, and 20.5% on days 5, 7, and 14 (p < .05, .05, .01). HOMA-IR was decreased significantly on day 14 (p < .05). MDA was decreased by 20.7% on day 14 (p < .01), and anti-oxidative enzymes’ SOD was decreased by 13.4% on day 14 (p < .05) and GSH was decreased by 16.7 and 29.1% on days 7 and 14 (both p < .05). Stress hormones E and cortisol were decreased by 10.8 and 19.8%, respectively, on day 14 (p < .05). There was no significant difference in NE between the two groups within 14 days. Conclusions Whey protein supplementation may improve hyperglycemia by alleviating stress disorder and oxidative stress injury in GDM women. This trial was registered at chictr.org.cn/as ChiCTR1800020413.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, and it is a common complication of pregnancy, which canincreases the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in both mothers and their offspring, cause adverse effects on the outcome of mothers and fetus[1, 2]
MDA was increased by 20.7% on days 14 (P < 0.01), and anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased by 13.4% on days 14 (P < 0.01) and GSH was increased by 16.7% and 29.1% on days 7 and 14
The purpose of our study is to explore the effect of whey protein supplementation on stress hormones in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women, and to observe the effect of whey protein preloading on postprandial blood glucose control in GDM patients, in an attempt to gain insights into the prevention and treatment of GDM
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, and it is a common complication of pregnancy, which canincreases the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in both mothers and their offspring, cause adverse effects on the outcome of mothers and fetus[1, 2]. The incidence of GDM in pregnant women in China is as high as 22.94%, while the pathogenesis of GDM is not clear[3]. Several studies show that Whey protein preloading can increase insulin sensitivity and have a positive response to the control of hyperglycemia[4, 5]. We previously reported that stress adaptation disorder exists in GDM women and may beassociated with the pathogenesis of GDM[6, 7]. The purpose of our study is to explore the effect of whey protein supplementation on stress hormones in GDM women, and to observe the effect of whey protein preloading on postprandial blood glucose control in GDM patients, in an attempt to gain insights into the prevention and treatment of GDM. Whey protein (WP) intake has been shown to improve hperglycemia
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