Abstract
Pterostilbene (Pte) is a dietary phenolic compound derived from plants that offers numerous physiological advantages. Nonetheless, its low water solubility and limited oral bioavailability restrict its bioactivity. To address these limitations, nanoparticles were prepared using anti-solvent precipitation method. Optimal nanoparticles were achieved at a 10:1 mass ratio of whey protein isolate (WPI) to Pte, resulting in a particle size of 104.54 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.42, and an impressive encapsulation efficiency of Pte at 85.02%. The water solubility of Pte in the nanoparticles was found to be 53.14 times higher than that of free Pte and remained stable under various environmental conditions. Furthermore, the DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging activities of the nanoparticles were maximized at 55.58% and 92.97%, respectively. Pte release from WPI-Pte nanoparticles was well-fitted to Korsmeyer-Peppas model and followed a non-Fickian mechanism controlled by both diffusion and erosion. This environmentally friendly, straightforward, and efficient approach shows promise for large-scale production of Pte products with amplified health benefits.
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