Abstract
The study aimed to advance the traditional issue of identifying decision strategy by analyzing the information processing in terms of visual exploration patterns. Twenty-seven participants played as responders in a computerized version of Ultimatum Game with an anonymous virtual partner. Responders tended to reject unfair offers, probably due to their taste for fairness and to the unidentifiability of the other player that reduced the willingness to cooperate. Furthermore, according to the evolutionary approach, participants focused their attention more at themselves than at the partner. Among the three type of offers – hyperfair, fair and unfair – mid-value offers, such as fair ones, required more number of fixations and fixations duration, related to the more complex cognitive and reasoning processes involved. Implications of this study could be applied in decisional settings with anonymous partners, such as those online, with future studies confirming the results found and integrating them through other process tracing methodologies.
Highlights
The understanding of human decision-making is a fascinating and challenging issue requiring the contribute of several disciplines, such as economics, psychology and neuroscience [1]
Visual Information Processing Behavior Related to Fairness and Player
This study aimed to investigate the decision-making process within the context of the Ultimatum Game by analyzing the information processing in terms of visual exploration patterns
Summary
The understanding of human decision-making is a fascinating and challenging issue requiring the contribute of several disciplines, such as economics, psychology and neuroscience [1]. As strongly supported by recent findings from neuroeconomics, decision-making, as other human behaviors, has to be viewed not as the product of a single process, but rather as the result of the interaction of different specialized subsystems [1, 4, 5] According to this perspective and referring to the well-known distinction between automatic and controlled processes [6, 7], recently researchers have provided evidence for two systems, Among methodologies used to identify decisions strategy, eye tracking plays an important role. Eye movements are fast and natural and the application of the eye tracker in the decision-making research lies on the assumption that, where participants are allowed to freely explore the decision information, they sample information by considering several aspects of the interpersonal relationships management, among which reciprocity, by directing their gaze to them [15, 16]
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