Abstract

Mixed-member proportional systems have been implemented assuming a mandate divide. Using individual-level voting data from the 15th to 17th Bundestag (2002–13), this article argues that the divide occurs according to candidacy strategy (pure district, pure party list or dual) and re-election probability rather than the type of electoral mandate obtained. Emphasising votes of constituency interests, it questions the assumption that the motivation behind deviating from the parliamentary party group line is rooted in serving the respective MP's constituency.

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