When to treat dyslipidaemia of patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis? A need to define specific guidelines

Abstract

There are no specific recommendations for management of dyslipidaemia in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on haemodialysis, in which atherosclerosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to analyse different approaches based on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (measured and calculated with a formula), non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels in the clinical management of dyslipidaemia in haemodialysis patients. Calculated LDL cholesterol by the Friedewald formula was compared with measured LDL cholesterol after separation by ultracentrifugation in 101 male patients with CRF on haemodialysis and in 101 healthy control subjects. Calculated LDL cholesterol coincided with measured LDL cholesterol, with less than 10% error, in 54 patients (53.4%) and in 75 controls (74.2%). Calculated LDL cholesterol was overestimated, with an error of 10% or more with respect to measured LDL cholesterol, in 37.6% of patients and in 23.7% of controls, and underestimated in 8.9% and 1. 9% respectively. Despite a good correlation between calculated and measured LDL cholesterol, the intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrate a poor concordance between calculated and measured LDL cholesterol, both in patients and controls. Only 17 patients were at non-HDL cholesterol level risk defined as higher than 4.28 mmol/l. HDL cholesterol levels lower than 0.9 mmol/l were found in 70% of patients and in 23% of controls. LDL or non-HDL cholesterol levels may not be appropriate for management of lipoprotein abnormalities in CRF patients. Further studies must clarify whether HDL cholesterol may be the best lipoprotein parameter for evaluating cardiovascular risk in these patients.