Abstract
RNA silencing has become a major focus of molecular and biomedical research in the last decade. This mechanism, which is conserved in most eukaryotes, has been extensively studied and is associated to various pathways implicated in the regulation of development, in the control of transposition events, heterochromatin maintenance and also playing a role in defense against viruses. Despite of its importance, the regulation of the RNA silencing machinery itself remains still poorly explored. Recently several reports in both plants and metazoans revealed that key components of RNA silencing, such as RNA-induced silencing complex component ARGONAUTE proteins, but also the endonuclease Dicer are subjected to proteasomal and autophagic pathways. Here we will review these post-translational proteolytic regulations with a special emphasis on plant research and also discuss their functional relevance.
Highlights
Reviewed by: Christian Luschnig, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria Sergey Morozov, Moscow State University, Russia
Important functions for small RNAs have emerged in the study of host-pathogen interactions and the most compelling illustration of the role of RNA silencing in defense is provided in the case of viral infections in plants, invertebrates and more recently mammals, where populations of siRNAs are produced in infected cells directly by processing dsRNA molecules derived from the viral genome (Ding, 2010; Maillard et al, 2013)
Mature miRNAs are integrated into RISC complexes that repress the expression of one or more target mRNAs with complementary sequence by inhibiting mRNA translation or inducing their degradation
Summary
Reviewed by: Christian Luschnig, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria Sergey Morozov, Moscow State University, Russia. Important functions for small RNAs have emerged in the study of host-pathogen interactions and the most compelling illustration of the role of RNA silencing in defense is provided in the case of viral infections in plants, invertebrates and more recently mammals, where populations of siRNAs are produced in infected cells directly by processing dsRNA molecules derived from the viral genome (Ding, 2010; Maillard et al, 2013).
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