Abstract

The rules of soccer dictate that play, once halted, cannot continue if a player is injured. Players may take advantage of this rule by feigning injury to preserve beneficial match positions. Thirty Euro 2008 matches, 90 Premier League matches and 63 World Cup 2010 matches were reviewed for the timing and severity of injuries. The number of injuries was compared between teams that benefited from stopping the game and those that did not benefit. The number of low-level injuries, not resulting in substitution or subsequent problems, was directly compared for Benefit and Non-Benefit teams for each 15-min period following kick off. Statistical significance was assessed using appropriate non-parametric tests. In addition, seven current players and three managers were interviewed and were asked about feigning injury. Teams that benefited from game stoppages suffered significantly more minor injuries in the last 15 min of matches compared with those that did not benefit. Four of the players directly admitted feigning injury. When it is beneficial, soccer players can and do successfully feign injury to stop the game. Consequently it is possible that others might also successfully feign injury, pain or disease when motivated to do so.

Highlights

  • Soccer is the most widely viewed and followed sport in the world

  • The 2010 FIFA World Cup Final (Spain vs. The Netherlands) attracted a total audience of 620 million people (Kantarsport, 2011)2 and each of the 2008 Euro Championship matches attracted a minimum audience of 155 million viewers (UEFA, 2008)3

  • The huge incentives to win games may encourage negative tactics such as feigning injury at the end of the game to run down the clock and maintain a winning position (Birdthistle, 2007)

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Summary

Introduction

Soccer is the most widely viewed and followed sport in the world. In 2009, the final of the European Champions League (Manchester United vs. Barcelona) attracted a total audience of 209 million viewers. In 2009, the final of the European Champions League (Manchester United vs Barcelona) attracted a total audience of 209 million viewers. The 2010 FIFA World Cup Final (Spain vs The Netherlands) attracted a total audience of 620 million people (Kantarsport, 2011) and each of the 2008 Euro Championship matches attracted a minimum audience of 155 million viewers (UEFA, 2008). The failure of Manchester United to reach the knockout stages of the European Champions League in 2011, for example, was estimated to have cost the club more than £20 million in lost TV revenue and gate receipts (Dirs, 2011). The huge incentives to win games may encourage negative tactics such as feigning injury at the end of the game to run down the clock and maintain a winning position (Birdthistle, 2007). During World Cup 2006, “severe injury” delayed several games but the “severely injured” player requested a return to play just seconds after having left the pitch (Birdthistle, 2007)

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