When overqualification turns dark: A moderated-mediation model of perceived overqualification, narcissism, frustration, and counterproductive work behavior

Abstract

Although perceived overqualification (POQ) is an established correlate of counterproductive work behavior (CWB), the means and boundaries of this consequential, costly relationship are largely undetermined. This research aims to address this gap by developing and testing the mediating role of job frustration and the moderating influence of narcissism in the relationship, providing valuable insights for organizations' selection, placement, and understanding of employees. Perceived overqualification is established as an antecedent of the frustration-aggression model. Narcissism is developed within Relative Deprivation Theory as exacerbating the effects of perceived overqualification on both affective (job frustration) and behavioral (CWB) consequences. Data from 696 individuals in heterogeneous occupations completing a two-stage online study supported the developed model, with job frustration mediating the relationship between POQ and CWB and narcissism strengthening both stages of the mediated relationship. The findings advance job frustration and narcissism as mechanisms for understanding, and mitigating, costly counterproductive effects of POQ.