When judging what you know changes what you really know: Soliciting metamemory judgments reactively enhances children's learning.

Abstract

Recent studies established that making concurrent judgments of learning (JOLs) can significantly alter (typically enhance) memory itself-a reactivity effect. The current study recruited 190 Chinese children (Mage =8.68years; 101 female) in 2020 and 2021 to explore the reactivity effect on children's learning, its developmental trajectory and associated metacognitive awareness. The results showed that making JOLs significantly enhanced retention for students in Grades 1, 3, and 5, with Cohen's ds ranging from 0.40 to 1.33. Grade 5students exhibited a larger reactivity effect than Grade 1 and 3students. Children's metacognitive appreciation of the effect was weak. Firsthand experience of the reactivity effect, induced by taking a memory test, enhanced their awareness and calibrated their judgment accuracy.