When and how important is anti-fibrotic therapy in the post-COVID-19 period?

Abstract

In addition to the highly variable clinical presentation of acute COVID-19 infection, it can also cause various post-acute signs and symptoms. In our study, we aimed to examine the efficacy of anti-fibrotic therapy in patients who developed pulmonary fibrosis after COVID-19. In total, 15 patients who applied to the Post-Covid Outpatient Clinic between May 2021 and August 2021 and were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, and whose cough, dyspnea, exertional dyspnea and low saturation continued to be present at least 12 weeks after the diagnosis, were included in the study. Off-label pirfenidone treatment was started according to the radiological findings, pulmonary function test parameters (PFT) and 6-minute walking test (6MWT) results. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks. While all of the FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, DLCO%, DLCO/VA%, 6MWT, and room air saturation levels were observed to increase statistically significantly in the patients at the 12th week, it was determined that there was a statistically significant decrease in the pulse level in room air (p = 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.004, 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). In regression analysis based on radiological scoring, it was observed that the DLCO and room air saturation levels at the 12th week of the treatment were statistically significantly higher in patients with lower scores at the beginning (p = 0.04, 0.03). In addition, it was observed that anti-fibrotic treatment, which was started in the earliest period, i.e., 12 weeks after the diagnosis, resulted in an improvement in radiological, PFT and 6MWT parameters. Patients who still had dyspnea and low saturation 12 weeks after the diagnosis, defined as chronic COVID-19, should be evaluated for anti-fibrotic therapy after the necessary radiological and PFT evaluation. Early treatment commencement brings about, besides radiological improvement, a better response obtained in PFT and 6MWT (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 21).