Abstract
Iraq is part of West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. The area is known as dry land, famous with gap of crop yield as a result of the water shortage problem. Six basins with total catchment area of 614.19 km 2 at rain-fed of Northern Sinjar District (Iraq) had been chosen to investigate both of the potential of rainwater harvesting (RWH) and three supplemental irrigation (SI) scenarios S1, S2, and S3 (100%, 75%, and 50% of full irrigation requirement) to support the wheat yield (bread and durum) under various rainfall conditions for the study period 1990-2009. The results indicated that, the total volume of harvested runoff can be considered for irrigation practices, that reached up to 42.4, 25.1, 0.6, 10.9 (× 10 6 m 3 ) during 1995-1996, 1996-1997, 1998-1999, and 2001-2002, respectively. The total irrigated area ranged between 10.9 - 5163.7 and 8.8 3595.7 (ha) for bread and durum wheat crop for the four selected seasons respectively. The yield scenarios for supplemental irrigation condition Y1, Y2, and Y3 give 68 - 9712, 94 - 12,999, and 105 - 22,806 Ton for bread wheat, and for durum wheat give 56 - 8035, 87 - 10,906, and 103 - 17,396 Ton.
Highlights
Dry land covers 95% of the total area of West Asia and North Africa (WANA region), where Iraq is located
Sinjar rainfall is very similar to that recorded by ICARDA at Tel Hadya research farm at Syria, Quick comparison between rainfall of Tel Hadya and Sinjar shows that both rainfalls are low, fluctuate with time and are of an uneven distribution
The study period at Sinjar (17 seasons) is longer than that adopted by ICARDA (10 seasons for the period 1985-1996, with average rainfall depth of 332 mm) but Sinjar rainfall decreased less than 200 mm three times during dry seasons (1998-1999, 1999-2000 and, 2008-2009)
Summary
Dry land covers 95% of the total area of West Asia and North Africa (WANA region), where Iraq is located. Climate of the area is of Mediterranean-type It is characterized by cold and rainy winters and temperate dry summers, with low rainfall amounts and limited renewable water resources in additional to summer drought period [1]. OF YIELD RELATION WITH TOTAL APPLIED WATER. They developed quadratic crop production functions with the total applied water (rainfall + irrigation water) in order to estimate the levels of irrigation water for maximizing yield, net profit and levels to which the crops could be under irrigated without reducing income below that which would be earned for full SI under limited water resources. The minimum water applied was the rain-fed treatments without irrigation, in this case it possible to evaluate the crop yield under rainfall condition alone without irrigation. It was concluded that the SI scenarios for maximizing the profit under limited water resource conditions or for a targeted yield of 4 - 5 t/ha were recommended for sustainable utilization of water resources and higher water-use efficiency [23]
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