Abstract
Ceria- and urea-doped activated biochars were used as support for Ni-based catalysts for CO2 methanation purposes. Different materials were prepared and tested to find the best catalytic formulation. After several CO2 methanation experiments—carried out at 0.35–1.0 MPa and 300–500 °C—it was found that the most suitable catalyst was a wheat-straw-derived activated biochar loaded with 30 wt.% of CeO2 and 20 wt.% of Ni. Using this catalyst, a CO2 conversion of 65% with a CH4 selectivity of 95% was reached at 1.0 MPa, 400 °C, and 13,200 h−1. From the study of the influence of the gas hourly space velocity, it was deduced that the most likely reaction mechanism was a reverse water–gas shift reaction, followed by CO hydrogenation. N-doping of the carbon support as an alternative to the use of ceria was also investigated. However, both CO2 conversion and selectivity toward CH4 values were clearly lower than those obtained for the ceria-containing catalyst cited above. The outcomes of this work indicate that a renewable biomass-derived support can be effectively employed in the catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane.
Highlights
Introduction and Changhyun RohSince the second industrial revolution, human civilization started to be highly dependent on fossil fuels
Their continuous exploitation resulted in the increase in the atmospheric CO2 content, which is associated with several environmental issues [1,2,3]
Research was aimed at assessing the effect of the addition of ceria at different loadings (i.e., 10, 30, and 50 wt.%) on the performance of a Ni-based catalyst supported on the activated biochar
Summary
Since the second industrial revolution, human civilization started to be highly dependent on fossil fuels. Their continuous exploitation resulted in the increase in the atmospheric CO2 content, which is associated with several environmental issues [1,2,3]. Schemes could represent a very promising option [4,5]. Through this approach, the electric energy produced from renewable sources is used to produce hydrogen via water electrolysis. The resulting hydrogen and the CO2 sequestered from power plants or industrial processes are employed as reactants for the Sabatier reaction (Equation (1)) to produce methane, which—unlike hydrogen—could be injected into the national grid
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