Wheat hexaploid synthetic samples as an initial material

Abstract

For the successful development of wheat breeding in Russia, there is a great need in a genetically diverse initial material, presented the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR), including samples of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) developed at CIMMYT by crossing Triticum durum Au B с Aegilops tauschii D. The current paper has presented the study results of such artificially developed hexaploid synthetic samples. The purpose of the current study was to compare the production indicators of hexaploid synthetic samples and their macromutant forms with bread wheat varieties and to evaluate them as an initial breeding material. The plants were grown in ordinary blackearth (chernozem) on the fields of the FSBSI FRARC. There has been shown that macromutational phenotypic transformations continue to occur in the developed hexaploid synthetic samples during the vegetation period. In the agricultural year of 2019/2020, in the sample ‘k-65488’ there were identified macromutant forms almost identical to awnless bread wheat. The close phenotypic similarity of macromutants has suggested their easier and more effective crossing with existing bread wheat varieties. There has been found that according to their production characteristics, the identified macromutants turned out to be quite identical, and the synthetic sample ‘k-65509’ even surpassed the comparable bread wheat varieties ‘Bezostaya 1’ and ‘Mironovskaya 808’. However, spikelet scales in the identified macromutant forms, despite their phenomenal similarity with the representatives of Triticum aestivum L., still remain quite hard, which makes threshing difficult. Taking into consideration the production indicators of synthetic samples, which are mainly determined by the contribution of highly productive durum wheat, we can consider them and, especially, the identified macromutant forms, as a very promising initial material to improve the present bread wheat variety samples using hybridization.