Wheat Germ Hemicellulose Is an Absolute Requirement for Growth and Development of the Southwestern Corn Borer1–4

Abstract

The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, is a major pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southern United States. To search for plant allelochemicals, chemically defined insect diets are commonly used, but southwestern corn borer larvae did not grow and develop unless a subnutritional amount of wheat germ was incorporated in the amino acid diet. Fractionation led to identification of hemicellulose as the active component which was then characterized. The hemicellulose permitted insect growth on a protein-free amino acid diet. Microfloral involvement was ruled out because larvae grew and developed free of intestinal microbes. Therefore, this insect has an absolute requirement for hemicellulose that has evidently not been demonstrated with other invertebrates or vertebrates. This finding is of general interest because hitherto, the contributions of hemicellulose to nutrition have generally been considered to be associated chiefly with microfloral conversion to assimilable carbohydrates. Investigations should be conducted to determine whether hemicelluloses are also important or essential for growth of vertebrates including mammals by mechanisms that may not have been considered.