Abstract
Biocomposite materials create a huge opportunity for a healthy and safe environment by replacing artificial plastic and materials with natural ingredients in a variety of applications. Furniture, construction materials, insulation, and packaging, as well as medical devices, can all benefit from biocomposite materials. Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated crops. Due to its mechanical and physical properties, wheat starch, gluten, and fiber are vital in the biopolymer industry. Glycerol as a plasticizer considerably increased the elongation and water vapor permeability of wheat films. Wheat fiber developed mechanical and thermal properties as a result of various matrices; wheat gluten is water insoluble, elastic, non-toxic, and biodegradable, making it useful in biocomposite materials. This study looked at the feasibility of using wheat plant components such as wheat, gluten, and fiber in the biocomposite material industry.
Highlights
This review paper will reveal the improvement of the properties in terms of mechanical response, thermal behavior, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and morphological properties of different parts of the wheat plant that can be used as a bioplastic material
Alkaline Washing (ALW) methods resulted in greater enthalpy and gelatinization temperatures, while the Ultrasonic Assist Ethanol Soaking (UAES) and Ultrasonic Assist Hot Water Soaking (UAWS) isolation methods resulted in greater peak viscosity
Thymol has been added as an antimicrobial to hydroxyethyl cellulose wheat-starch-based films and the results show the film kept the same chemical properties, whereas mechanical properties improved [214]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. There is an abundance of research on wood and non-wood plants to extract starch, gluten and fiber in order to produce bio-composite materials. Constituents such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and protein content in fiber, amylose and amylopectin ratio in starch [9] Their diversity in degree of polymerization, degree of crystallinity, water-vapor permeability and porosity make a difference in the biocomposite properties. Several publications have addressed the effects of sodium hydroxide treatment on the structure and properties of natural fibers such as kenaf, flax, jute, hemp, sugar palm and wheat fiber [17,18,19,20,21,22] Straws such as wheat, rice and rapeseed straws, which known as cereal straws, are highly abundant but they are a low-cost, potential candidate to be utilized in the development of green composites [23]. This review paper will reveal the improvement of the properties in terms of mechanical response, thermal behavior, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and morphological properties of different parts of the wheat plant that can be used as a bioplastic material
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