Abstract
ANGELINE M. JACOBS. RN. M LITT, is a senior research scientist at American Institutes for Research in Palo Alto, Calif. GRACE FIVARS is an associate research scientist at the American Institutes for Research and director of Psychometric Techniques Associates in Pittsburgh, Pa. ROBERT FITZPATRICK. PhD. is an associate professor in the School of Industrial Relations at St. Francis College of Pennsylvania in Pittsburgh. The authors acknowledge the guidance of the National League for Nursing Division of Research, the Research Steering Committee appointed by the American Nurses' Association Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc., and the Research Advisory Committee appointed by the steering committee.
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