Abstract
In the last 50 years, major therapeutic advances in childhood cancer care have transformed pediatric oncology. Although childhood cancer incidence rates have increased significantly from 1975 to 2006,1 overall survival rates for childhood cancer have improved dramatically from 58% in the 1970s to 83%, based on the most recent data.2 The compound impact of increasing incidence and improving survival is that, today, more than 320,000 individuals live as survivors of childhood cancer in the United States.3 Childhood cancer is not the only health challenge that many of these individuals will face in their lifetimes; a survey of the largest cohort of pediatric cancer survivors revealed that two thirds of all survivors will develop a chronic medical condition, with more than one-third experiencing a severe or life-threatening condition.4
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