Abstract
Several conditions share a cardinal feature on funduscopic examination: bilateral blurred optic disc margins. Pseudopapilledema (e.g., small hyperopic discs, tilted discs) and optic disc swelling can all be mistaken for papilloedema, which is caused by raised intracranial pressure. Diagnostic errors in papilloedema can lead to a delay of necessary treatments. This contribution will discuss the current progress in diagnosis and treatment of papilloedema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. This clearly demonstrates that the new literature on pseudotumor cerebri syndrome and idiopathic intracranial hypertension has changed our understanding of its clinical picture during recent years and provides a key prerequisite for evidence-based recommendations on the management of affected patients. The optic nerve sheath meningocele as a rare differential diagnosis in that context will be discussed.
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