Abstract
Even though significant progress has been made over the past 3 decades, heart failure remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developed countries and contributes significantly to the economic burden of modern health care systems. Especially in patients with preserved ejection fraction, valid therapeutic options are missing due to a lack of evidence. In face of a very heterogeneous condition with an ongoing debate over aetiology and pathophysiology, clinicians face a challenge in providing optimal care for these patients. Recent data suggest that the optimal treatment of the underlying conditions as well as comorbidities that are associated with heart failure might play an ever increasing role in improving outcomes. This focused review summarizes and reviews current data for the treatment of heart failure with both preserved and reduced ejection fractions based on the latest recommendations covering medical therapy and interventional strategies.
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