Abstract
Improvement of care for thalassemia during previous decades focussed on the development of new diagnostic and treatment modalities concerning secondary hemochromatosis resulting from symptomatic treatment with regular transfusion. In addition, hematopoetic stem transplantation as the so far only curative approach had been developed and constantly improved. New approaches for the treatment of thalassemias already entering clinical practice include e. g. additive gene therapy and medical treatment with new drugs like luspatercept. For sickle cell disease, a variety of treatment approaches either to correct the genetic change by gene therapy, to affect the underlying mechanism of sickling e. g. by R-state- stabilising agents, or later the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusive complications e. g. by inhibiting selectins are currently thoroughly investigated and some of them will probably get approval very soon.
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