Abstract
Agroforestry is a win–win solution in terms of restoring forest function while benefiting the local community. This research aimed to (1) understand the regulations concerning conservation forest management and the restoration strategies adopted based on the history of forest degradation in the area, (2) investigate the factors driving local people to adopt agroforestry systems in the area, and (3) investigate the characteristics of the agroforestry system developed and its impacts based on farmers’ perceptions. This research was performed in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park, Lampung Province, Indonesia, and involved 59 respondents who managed 63 agroforestry plots in the area. Several schemes had been implemented to restore the degraded forest without involving the community, and the results were unsatisfactory. Changing the regulations concerning managing conservation forests to involve the community and providing legal permits and support from the management improved forest function due to community willingness to implement the agroforestry system. About 81% of observed plots consisted of 5–12 plant species, and 16% of plots consisted of 13–16 species per plot. Theobroma cacao was the most common species in the agroforestry plots, followed by Durio zibethinus, Parkia speciosa, and Aleurites moluccana. The size of the agroforestry plot affected the number of species in the plot. The community perception demonstrated that agroforestry has positive impacts on livelihood, the environment, and biodiversity at the landscape level.
Highlights
Protected areas provide ecosystem benefits, such as enhanced carbon stock, clean air and water, healthy soil, nutrient cycles, and wild food and animals, which support societies under increasing stress from human pressures and climate change
A grand forest park (GFP) is a conservation forest that is managed at the provincial level; it functions as a life support system and preserves the diversity of flora and fauna and the uniqueness of natural phenomena
Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park (WAR GFP) is a conservation forest of 22,245.50 ha that is located in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province, Sumatera, Indonesia [6]
Summary
Protected areas provide ecosystem benefits, such as enhanced carbon stock, clean air and water, healthy soil, nutrient cycles, and wild food and animals, which support societies under increasing stress from human pressures and climate change. Wild creatures such as pollinators, predators, and seed dispersers that use a protected area as their habitat strengthen agricultural resilience. Conversion of forest to agricultural land has a negative impact on the ecosystem, including changing the biological, physical, and chemical properties of the soil [11] This increases pressure on the forest cover. Forest fires and illegal logging have occurred frequently [12]
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