Abstract
SummaryControversy surrounds reports describing the derivation of human trophoblast cells from placentas and embryonic stem cells (ESC), partly due to the difficulty in identifying markers that define cells as belonging to the trophoblast lineage. We have selected criteria that are characteristic of primary first-trimester trophoblast: a set of protein markers, HLA class I profile, methylation of ELF5, and expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC). We tested these criteria on cells previously reported to show some phenotypic characteristics of trophoblast: bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-treated human ESC and 2102Ep, an embryonal carcinoma cell line. Both cell types only show some, but not all, of the four trophoblast criteria. Thus, BMP-treated human ESC have not fully differentiated to trophoblast. Our study identifies a robust panel, including both protein and non-protein-coding markers that, in combination, can be used to reliably define cells as characteristic of early trophoblast.
Highlights
One of the key early events in the establishment of pregnancy is the development of trophoblast subpopulations from the trophectoderm (TE) of the implanting blastocyst (Rossant, 2001)
Controversy surrounds reports describing the derivation of human trophoblast cells from placentas and embryonic stem cells (ESC), partly due to the difficulty in identifying markers that define cells as belonging to the trophoblast lineage
We have selected criteria that are characteristic of primary first-trimester trophoblast: a set of protein markers, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I profile, methylation of ELF5, and expression of microRNAs from the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC)
Summary
One of the key early events in the establishment of pregnancy is the development of trophoblast subpopulations from the trophectoderm (TE) of the implanting blastocyst (Rossant, 2001). Attempts have been made to overcome this problem by obtaining trophoblast cell lines from early placentas by transformation, or by driving human embryonic stem cells (hESC) along the trophoblast differentiation pathway (Xu et al, 2002; Nagamatsu et al, 2004; Harun et al, 2006; James et al, 2007; Genbacev et al, 2011; Marchand et al, 2011; Takao et al, 2011; Udayashankar et al, 2011; Amita et al, 2013) All these strategies have been plagued with difficulties in identifying the cells as ‘‘trophoblast’’ in culture (Roberts et al, 2014). There is a lack of consensus about the best criteria to use to define trophoblast
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
