Abstract
The subclinical and low intensity inflammation, oxidative stress, high calorie and high fat diet patterns are striking features of the obesity. The adipose tissue, through its endocrine function, is associated with the cytokines secretion, such as: IL-4, IL-13, IL-15 and IFN-γ, which trigger metabolic changes and possibly modulate the energy metabolism by modifying the biochemical, anthropometric and body composition parameters. This review summarizes scientific evidences about the relationship between such cytokines and mediators which alter the energy metabolism, predisposing or preventing the obesity.
Highlights
The obesity, a disease with a complex and multifactorial etiology [1, 2], is associated with an imbalance in the energy balance, the altered oxidative status [3, 4] and the subclinical and low intensity systemic inflammation [3,4,5,6,7].Such metabolic changes stimulate the white adipose tissue (WAT) to secrete cytokines, for example, interleukin 4 (IL-4 ), interleukin 13 (IL-13), interleukin 15 (IL-15) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), or other inflammatory markers which could modulate the energy metabolism and, modify anthropometric, biochemical and body composition parameters [5]
According to the studies proposed in the literature, IL-4 when expressed by adipocytes and hepatocytes shows the ability to modulate local immune responses, besides being associated with the increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance
IL-4 participates of the lipid metabolism evoking a conventional lipolytic pathway. In addition to these results, it was found that IL-4 modulates the resistin expression inhibiting the lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, which leads to the reduction of the body weight gain
Summary
The subclinical and low intensity inflammation, oxidative stress, high calorie and high fat diet patterns are striking features of the obesity. The adipose tissue, through its endocrine function, is associated with the cytokines secretion, such as: IL-4, IL-13, IL-15 and IFN-γ, which trigger metabolic changes and possibly modulate the energy metabolism by modifying the biochemical, anthropometric and body composition parameters. This review summarizes scientific evidences about the relationship between such cytokines and mediators which alter the energy metabolism, predisposing or preventing the obesity. To cite this article: Simone Fátima Gomes, et al What is the role of inflammatory mediators on energy metabolism?
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