Abstract
In this article, we review the reduction in healthcare costs associated with a health maintenance organization (HMO)-sponsored diabetes disease management program in Pennsylvania, USA. The program emphasizes primary care-based nurse education and case management of patients with diabetes mellitus. We found participants in the program experienced a slight increase in health insurance claims related to diabetes care but a notable decrease in total healthcare claims, with a return on investment that exceeded $US3 saved for every dollar expended. The changes we observed appeared within a year of program entry, and were sustained on a month-to-month basis.
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