Abstract
BackgroundThe relationship between breech presentation and trochlear dysplasia has been confirmed. However, the pathological process of breech-related trochlear dysplasia remains unclear. This study aimed to establish an animal model to simulate breech presentation and to analyze the pathological process of the femoral trochlea.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and twenty neonatal rats were randomly assigned into a control group and two experimental groups that were swaddled (using surgical tape) to keep the hip flexed and knees extended to simulate human breech presentation for the 5 days (short Swaddling) and the 10 days (prolonged Swaddling) of life. Gross and cross-sectional observation, histological staining measurement in two experimental time points (5 and 10 days after birth) were conducted to evaluate the morphological changes of the femoral trochlea.ResultsThe incidence of trochlear dysplasia increased with the Swaddling time. Rats in the prolonged Swaddling group had the high prevalence of trochlea dysplasia (52 of 60), followed by short Swaddling group (42 of 60). Gross and cross-sectional observation showed a shallower trochlea groove in two experimental groups. Histologicalstaining measurement indicated that the trochlear sulcus angle and trochlear sulcus depth were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group since day 5 and day 10.ConclusionIn this model, breech presentation had an adverse effect on neonatal knees and could induce trochlear dysplasia. In addition, this study also showed that the more time in breech presentation, the more incidence of trochlear dysplasia.
Highlights
Trochlear dysplasia is a spectrum of anatomical morphological abnormalities of the distal femur [1, 2]
Rats in the prolonged Swaddling group had the high prevalence of trochlea dysplasia (52 of 60), followed by short Swaddling group (42 of 60)
Histologicalstaining measurement indicated that the trochlear sulcus angle and trochlear sulcus depth were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group since day 5 and day 10
Summary
Trochlear dysplasia is a spectrum of anatomical morphological abnormalities of the distal femur [1, 2]. Previous studies have shown the high incidence of trochlear dysplasia among young children and teenagers [3, 4]. The risk factors for trochlear dysplasia include mechanical. Ren has reported the pathogenesis of breech-related developmental dysplasia of the hip based on a newborn rat model [12]. We speculated whether breech presentation could be a predisposing factor for trochlear dysplasia. The relationship between breech presentation and trochlear dysplasia has been confirmed. The pathological process of breech-related trochlear dysplasia remains unclear. This study aimed to establish an animal model to simulate breech presentation and to analyze the pathological process of the femoral trochlea
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