Abstract
Abstract Background: Acupuncture skeptics consider The Yellow Emperor's Internal Medicine—a classic that is important to the theory and practice of acupuncture—as a work based on metaphysics. This claim is one of the factors preventing the mainstream biomedical community from accepting the clinical merit of acupuncture. Objective: The goal of this research was to test the hypothesis that needle theory and acupoint locations described in the classics are based on anatomy and physiology, not on metaphysics. Methods: Passages from the Ling Shu (Spiritual Pivot) relevant to the properties of acupoints were translated and then interpreted using biomedical science. Acupoint locations described in the Jia Yi Jing (Systematic Classic) were transliterated, and their anatomical significance was determined by literature review, dissection, and/or electrostimulation. Finally, acupoint anatomy was compared to descriptions in a traditional Chinese acupuncture textbook. Results: Biomedical interpretation of the Ling Shu...
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