Abstract
BackgroundHost modulation therapy has gained increasing interest in periodontal therapy. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of adjunctive administration of omega-3 fatty acids in periodontal therapy.MethodsThe search strategy was determined using the “patient, intervention, comparison, outcome” model. A resulting search term was generated using keywords, and the databases were fed. The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and LIVIVO were used. Studies were selected for the literature review based on previously specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomized, controlled, blinded studies, longitudinal studies, comparative studies, and clinical studies were included in the review. Additionally, they used omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of periodontitis. The following parameters were observed: clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI). A meta-analysis was performed for PD and CAL after 3 months. By analyzing the risk of bias, the validity of the results of each study was demonstrated, and its credibility and quality were assessed.ResultsOf 14 studies found, six were included. The results showed a significant reduction in PD and CAL compared to that in the placebo groups in four out of six involved studies, which was confirmed by the meta-analysis. In one study, a significant reduction in BOP was found. GI was significantly reduced in three included studies. PI also showed a significant reduction in three studies.ConclusionsWithin the study limitations, omega-3 fatty acids appear to have a positive effect on periodontal wound healing with regard to reduction in CAL and PD. Based on the results, patients receiving periodontal treatment might benefit from nutritional counseling.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that is increasingly responsible for tooth loss
The presence of bacterial biofilm seems crucial in the development of periodontitis, immunological host response is seen as a key factor in the disease progression [3]
The metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) occurs in two ways: lipoxins are produced by lipoxygenase, and prostaglandins are produced by cyclo-oxygenases
Summary
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that is increasingly responsible for tooth loss. Host modulation therapy is currently considered a promising treatment approach It involves the use of local and systemic pharmaceuticals as adjuncts during periodontal therapy [4]. They can be used only to a limited extent and have undesirable effects [6] Within this pharmaceutical approach, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids are a promising substance in the context of host-modulating therapy in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases and show fewer side effects. In this context, Chee et al described the positive effects on periodontal inflammation in a narrative review of the literature in 2016 [7]. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of adjunctive administration of omega-3 fatty acids in periodontal therapy
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