Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to determine the impact of specialist palliative care (SPC) consultations in outpatient settings on pain control in adults suffering from cancer. Systematic Review. Databases CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, and Embase were searched in February 2021. Relevant studies were also hand-searched and gray literature was searched in February 2021. The PICO mnemonic (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) was used to form the review question. Of 1053 potential studies identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal of included studies was conducted using the evidence-based librarian (EBL) critical appraisal checklist. Outcome data from 56% (n=5/9) studies indicated a non-statistically significant reduction in pain. Narrative analysis of the remaining studies indicated a statistically significant reduction in pain in 50% (n=2/4) of the studies, one study showed mixed results, and one study found no statistically significant improvement in pain control. In relation to secondary outcomes, results from 33% (3/9) of studies indicated statistically significant improvement in symptom control. Data from 22% (n=2/9) of studies indicated no statistically significant improvement in the symptoms measured. Narrative analysis of the remaining four studies indicated generally mixed results. EBL scores of included studies ranged between 50% and 95.23%. Outpatient SPC consultations may have a positive impact on the control of pain and other distressing symptoms for cancer patients, however, results show mixed effects. Given that it is unclear what it is about outpatient SPC that impacts positively or otherwise on pain and symptom control.
Highlights
Pain is a common, complex, and distressing symptom for people suffering from cancer (Fallon et al, 2018; Watson et al, 2019)
Each study was excluded for a valid reason and the main reasons for exclusion were; studies that did not focus on specialist palliative care (SPC); studies that were not in outpatient settings; and studies that did not focus on patients’ suffering from cancer
32 full-text studies were rigorously assessed for eligibility. 22 of these were excluded for valid reasons. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review (SR), and were judged appropriate to include (Fig. 1)
Summary
Complex, and distressing symptom for people suffering from cancer (Fallon et al, 2018; Watson et al, 2019). Impor tantly, pain is whatever the individual experiencing it says it is and exists whenever they say it does (Ferrell and Coyle 2010) and as such, it may be physical, but may have psycho/social and spiritual components. This is known as total pain and is a phenomenon rightly considered in palliative care (Watson et al, 2019). Fallon et al (2018), identified that the prevalence of pain is estimated to be more than 70% in patients with advanced cancer. It is clear that the impact of an initiative/intervention on pain man agement in cancer patients is an important issue that warrants further research
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