Abstract
Cardiac dynamics are traditionally linked to a left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum morphology, a topography that differs from the heart’s five-century-old anatomic description of containing a helix and circumferential wrap architectural configuration. Torrent Guasp’s helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) defines this anatomy and its structure, and explains why the heart’s six dynamic actions of narrowing, shortening, lengthening, widening, twisting, and uncoiling happen. The described structural findings will raise questions about deductions guiding “accepted cardiac mechanics”, and their functional aspects will challenge and overturn them. These suppositions include the LV, RV, and septum description, timing of mitral valve opening, isovolumic relaxation period, reasons for torsion/twisting, untwisting, reasons for longitudinal and circumferential strain, echocardiographic sub segmentation, resynchronization, RV function dynamics, diastolic dysfunction’s cause, and unrecognized septum impairment. Torrent Guasp’s revolutionary contributions may alter future understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease.
Highlights
The current approach to understanding cardiac dynamics relies upon movements that adhere to the conventional topographical separation of cardiac muscle into the left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum
The helical ventricular myocardial band model of Torrent Guasp [5] appears in the two classical anatomy texts of Clemente [9,10], and Moore and Dally [11] and its mechanics explain each motion [6,8,12]
This knowledge answers the query about the heart by explaining the only valid definition of heart structure involves describing a mechanical architecture whose motion can account for all dynamic cardiac movements
Summary
The current approach to understanding cardiac dynamics relies upon movements that adhere to the conventional topographical separation of cardiac muscle into the left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum. The helical ventricular myocardial band model of Torrent Guasp [5] appears in the two classical anatomy texts of Clemente [9,10], and Moore and Dally [11] and its mechanics explain each motion [6,8,12] This knowledge answers the query about the heart by explaining the only valid definition of heart structure involves describing a mechanical architecture whose motion can account for all dynamic cardiac movements. The capacity to understand the dynamics of the surrounding wrap and helix is a very different approach from using deductions to explain many ‘accepted cardiac mechanical relationships’ This tactic will lead to questioning of many ‘state of the art’ concepts. They include heart anatomy as LV, RV, and septum, timing of mitral valve opening, the isovolumic relaxation period, structural reasons for torsion/twisting, the term untwisting, structural reasons for circumferential and longitudinal strain, echocardiographic cardiac sub segmentation, resynchronization, RV function dynamics, and diastolic dysfunction’s cause and its unrecognized septum involvement
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