Abstract
This chapter argues that the Gospel of John is literarily independent from the Synoptic Gospels. The Fourth Gospel was addressed to a Gentile audience in Ephesus. As an eyewitness account, it uses as its only literary source a precursor Gospel—the Signs Source—also written by John the Elder but addressed to a Jewish audience in Jerusalem before the city’s destruction by the Romans in 70 ce. This chapter reconstructs the Signs Source. I conclude by explaining the value of my proposals for future scholarship on the structure of the Signs Source and the literary similarities between the Signs Source and material distinct to the Fourth Gospel.
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