Abstract
Introduction: Fainting is one of the most common reasons for consulting patients in emergency departments. Diagnosis of a loss of consciousness is usually carried out by an general practitioner and possibly a cardiologist and neurologist, and the most important elements include a well-collected patient history taken from the patient and reliable witness. Aim: The paper discusses the most common causes of loss of consciousness diagnosed by a neurologist: syncope associated with dysautonomy in the course of neurological diseases, seizures and seizure caused cardiac arrhythmias. Summary: Syncope and dysautonomy may precede neurodegenerative disease onset. Difficulties in differentiating syncope and epileptic seizures cause about 10% of false diagnoses of refractory epilepsy.
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