Abstract
The Suomi National Polar Partnership (SNPP) is a satellite operated jointly by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The primary imaging sensor on SNPP is the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Among imaging meteorological satellite sensors the VIIRS is unique in collecting visible, near-infrared and short-wave infrared spectral radiances at night. With sunlight eliminated, these spectral bands make it possible to observe the radiant emissions from gas flares, biomass burning, industrial sites and volcanoes worldwide every 24 hours. With multispectral detections it is possible to model the blackbody emission curve (also known as a Planck curve), which can then be used to estimate the temperature of the source, size of the source (m 2 ), radiative heat intensity (W/m 2 ), radiant heat (MW). This is a substantial advance over satellite fire products based on detection in a single spectral band.
Highlights
Combustion sources such as wildfires, agricultural burning and gas flares emit a broad range of electromagnetic radiation
Comparison of Daytime and Nighttime Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Data: To explore the detectability of combustion sources with nighttime VIIRS data we examine daytime and nighttime VIIRS data collected over Southern Iraq, Kuwait, and Western Iran on March 28, 2012
Nightfire Results: The VIIRS Nightfire system identifies hot pixels in in M10 data, pulls the radiances for all nine of the spectral bands collected at night and seeks to confirm the M10 detections in DNB, M7, M8, M12 and M13
Summary
Combustion sources such as wildfires, agricultural burning and gas flares emit a broad range of electromagnetic radiation. If the combustion source can be detected in three or more wavelength ranges it is generally possible to fit a Planck curve to the data, making it possible to derive the wavelength of peak radiant emission and solve for the radiative output, even without a direct measurement of the radiant peak. If the combustion source is in the range of 700-750 K the peak radiant emission will be in the 4 um bands collected by sensors for as the (MODIS) and the VIIRS, yielding reasonable estimates of FRP.
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