Abstract
Elucidating the sequence of the human genome marked the beginning of a new phase of understanding of human biology. The pathway from genotype to phenotype, through which the information contained in the DNA is transcribed in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA), and then translated into proteins, is a complicated one, and does not happen in a straight line. Furthermore, most of the mechanisms guiding this complexity have yet to be unravelled. From the concept of 'gene,' to the different types of information that are encoded in the genomic DNA in our nucleus, to epigenetics, this article summarises our current level of knowledge, but also takes note of what we do not yet know as well as the future perspectives in genome studies. Keywords : flow of genetic information ∙ gene expression ∙ DNA regulation ∙ topological association domains ∙ genetic networks ∙ epigenetics
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