What is New in the ESC Hypertension Guideline?

Abstract

Blood pressure guidelines serve as a beacon of best practice for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. The many cultural and societal differences in hypertension risk factors and management patterns across geographic regions support the need for geographically distinct international guidelines. In 2018, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Society of Hypertension (ESH) released a joint guideline for the management of hypertension.1 This guideline represented a unified front across European hypertension-oriented societies. Similar to preceding hypertension guidelines, the 2018 guideline highlighted the myriad risks associated with inadequate blood pressure management and the importance of improving blood pressure control. The 2018 ESC/ESH guideline also offered a litany of nuanced recommendations on blood pressure measurement and management, including tiered blood pressure diagnosis and management thresholds across various ages and risk factors. For example, the guidelines recommended initiating antihypertensive therapy at a systolic blood pressure threshold of ≥140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg in individuals aged 18-79 years, and at a systolic blood pressure threshold of ≥160 mm Hg in individuals aged ≥80 years; treatment initiation could be considered at a blood pressure of ≥130/85 among individuals with established cardiovascular disease. Among individuals being treated for hypertension, the guideline recommended aiming for an initial blood pressure goal of <140/90 mm Hg in all individuals, and if tolerated, further aiming for a systolic blood pressure of 120-129 mm Hg in most individuals aged <65 years and considering a diastolic blood pressure of <80 mm Hg in all individuals. In contrast, contemporary to these guidelines, the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines more broadly recommended stringent blood pressure diagnostic thresholds (≥140/90 mm Hg in lower risk individuals; ≥130/80 mm Hg in higher risk individuals including those with ≥10% 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) and management goals (<130/80 mm Hg in all individuals with hypertension). Thus, the 2018 ESC/ESH guideline focused much more on individualized goals. [See the full article for more].