Abstract
Germ cell tumors of the ovary are the second most frequently found ovarian neoplasms following epithelial ovarian cancers. It is a heterogeneous group with an origin in a primitive germ cells. Therefore, germ cell tumors arise typically in the gonads- ovaries, and testicles. Neoplasms that develop from germ cells in other parts of the body are very rare. Among ovarian germ cell tumors, the most common is a mature teratoma. Tumors such as immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, or yolk sac tumor appear less frequently. Surgical treatment and chemotherapy, especially a protocol BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) play the most crucial role in the treatment of germ cell malignancies. Before the introduction of systemic chemotherapy, treatment of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary tended to be poor. The prognosis has improved recently and fertility-conserving surgeries are being performed to enable patients to become pregnant. Additionally, it reduces the risk of late side effects. However, more and more emphasis is placed on developing new methods of treatment and on improving current methods. Some studies showed a therapeutic potential of SOX2 silencing for embryonal carcinoma. The aim of our study was to review the literature to analyze the latest and most effective treatments for embryonic ovarian tumors.
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