Abstract
The paper contrasts three approaches to the extension of lexical sense: what we shall call, respectively, lexical tuning; a second based on lexical closeness and relaxation; and a third known as underspecification, or the use of lexical rules. These approaches have quite different origins in artificial intelligence (AI) and linguistics, and involve corpus input, lexicons and knowledge bases in quite different ways. Moreover, the types of sense extension they claim to deal with in their principal examples are different as well. The purpose of these contrasts in the paper is to establish the possibility of evaluating their differing claims by means of the current markup and test paradigm that has been so successful recently in the closely related task of word sense discrimination (WSD). The key question in the paper is what the relationship of sense extension to WSD is, and its conclusion is that, at the moment, not all types of sense extension heuristic can be evaluated within the current paradigm requiring markup and test.
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