Abstract
BackgroundThe Emergency Medical Services (EMS) have been developed in the Arabian Gulf States (AGS) in the last three decades. The EMS needs continuous quality assessment of their performance to improve and provide the best out-of-hospital care. This study aims to assess the quality of EMS in the AGS according to the six quality domains of the Institute of Medicine.MethodsWe searched four databases (i.e., PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL) for studies that reported on the quality of EMS in any of the AGS using clinical or non-clinical performance indicators. To quantify study quality and risk of bias, the adapted Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used. We focused on structural and functional indicators, clinical and non-clinical.ResultsTwenty-five studies were eligible for inclusion. One study contained result of safety, fifteen time-centeredness, twenty effectiveness, five patient-centeredness, and thirteen studies reported on equity of EMS. None of the studies reported on efficiency of EMS. A significant proportion of studies showed high scores on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Limited studies on EMS quality were available, not covering all relevant quality domains and not covering the whole AGS region. The equity domain showed the best outcome performance finding, whereas finding of the patient-centeredness domain showed room for improvement in the foreseeable future.ConclusionThis review highlights the need for more and better studies of sufficient quality about all domains of quality in EMS in all the AGS. EMS research in Kuwait and Bahrain is warranted, as currently studies of EMS quality are unavailable for these States. Moreover, efficiency researches exploring this discipline should be conducted specially no studies were found has been searching this domain.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42019123896.
Highlights
The Arabian Gulf States (AGS) are composed of six nations (i.e., Saudi Arabia [SA], Oman, the United Arab Emirates [UAE], Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain)
This study aims to assess the quality of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the AGS according to the six quality domains of the Institute of Medicine
EMS research in Kuwait and Bahrain is warranted, as currently studies of EMS quality are unavailable for these States
Summary
The Arabian Gulf States (AGS) are composed of six nations (i.e., Saudi Arabia [SA], Oman, the United Arab Emirates [UAE], Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain). These countries provide Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for all different levels of emergency in all regions. In Addition, they have many types of ambulance vehicles equipped with prescribed standards such as defibrillators, ventilators, and cardiac resuscitation medications They triage cases based on a specific triaging system guideline to identify the emergency severity and urgency level. They dispatch the appropriate vehicle(s), through utilizing a Computer Aided Dispatch System (CAD), to the scene from one of many scattered ambulance stations.
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