What Have We Learned about Presidential Term Limits?

Abstract

Abstract The authors reappraise what has been learnt about presidential term limits from comparative and country studies. The importance and role of presidential term limits are contingent on political regime. In consolidated democracies presidential term limits are not only an institution but also a norm of political behavior. Term limits can be reformed without imperiling democracy when such reforms do not go beyond what is accepted as “normal,” typically when a president seeks more than two terms. In many dictatorships, term limits are unenforceable, but they may still serve as a very important pillar of collective leadership preventing personalism and facilitating succession. In unconsolidated regimes without democratic tradition or weak institutions, presidential term limits are extremely important and serve as a focal point for coordination against the possibility of a dictatorial takeover. While not sufficient, they are however a necessary condition for democratic consolidation.